On some occasions, he seems to assert that a proximate end specifies a human action, while the remote end is inconsequential. The same cause and effect which would be considered proximate in one class of actions, the attendant circumstances being unchanged, would be considered remote in others. Proximate cause has been defined as "The active efficient cause that sets in motion a train of events which bring about a result without the intervention of any force started and working actively from a new and independent source". One is the distinction between remote and proximate matter (Met. (a) Remote matter. As we have seen, for Aristotle matter comes in different levels. It is also usual to distinguish the remote matter and the proximate matter. Wills, 251 Ga. 3 (303 SE2d 258) (1983), where we held that a specified act of negligence was too remote as a matter of law to constitute proximate cause. It is of faith ( de fide ) that true and natural water is the remote matter of baptism. There are two Eucharistic elements, bread and wine, which constitute the remote matter of the Sacrament of the Altar, while the proximate matter can be none other than the Eucharistic appearances under which the Body and Blood of Christ are truly present. To recover damages in a tort action, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant's negligence was both the "cause in fact" and the "proximate cause" of the injury. The meaning of the terms, proximate and remote, is contracted or enlarged, according to what is the subject-matter of the inquiry. For example, in the sacrament of baptism, the matter (the thing) is water. There is an apparent paradox with respect to Aquinas’s teaching on proximate and remote ends. Proximate and remote matter Aristotle does make some distinctions that might be thought to line up with the distinction between constitutive and preexisting matter. We shall consider this aspect of the question first. The matter or Eucharistic elements. It is also usual to distinguish the remote matter and the proximate matter. In the case of baptism, the remote matter is natural and true water. In all sacraments we treat of the matter and the form. This cause is termed the "proximate cause" and all other causes being considered as "remote". It varies in different classes of actions. In the case of baptism, the remote matter is natural and true water. “Remote matter” refers to things being used in a sacrament — the actual physical elements. The remote matter is the particular water used. Remote (17 Occurrences) Matthew 14:15 When evening had come, his disciples came to him, saying, "This place is deserted, and the hour is already late. H4.1044a15–25, How that water is used is the proximate matter. “Proximate matter” refers to how those things are used. Proximate matter definition is - matter ready for the reception of a form. 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