The authors declare that they have no competing interests. INTRODUCTION Eighty-three percent of the population depends directly on agriculture for their livelihoods, while many others depend on agriculture-related cottage industries such as textiles, All sources are duly acknowledged. Diriba Welteji. Agricultural development in the third world. The IFAD country programme has two main objectives: PLANNED Under design after concept note approval, APPROVED Approved by the Executive Board or IFAD President. It has over 905,831 registered refugees (as of August 2018), most of them from Eritrea, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan. The possible questions of this review are: Were the rural development policy packages of the country accessible to different segments of society? The frontier model or the resource exploitation model involves an approach to agricultural growth through the expansion of the area cultivated or grazed. I identified and developed important outlines, validated and designed the arguments, conceived both theoretical and empirical data and editions of the final manuscript. Development agents, extension professionals, subject matter specialists, farmers’ representatives, politicians and researchers tend to contact only them. The major factors which make this model highly relevant to Ethiopian agriculture are: the fact that Ethiopia is unable to make widespread use of existing technological backlog due to, mainly, the high costs of generation and diffusion of new techniques of production; the possibility that the improvement approach involves cost-effective techniques of production and capital formation as it is based upon the use of the relatively abundant and that it could delay the operations of the law of diminishing returns as land is saved through labour intensification; and the fact that soil conservation programmes need special attention as the resource base of the agricultural sector is being depleted at an alarming rate due to the fact that the soil erosion and desertification process continue almost unabated [17, 18]. World Bank. Ruttan VW. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press; 1984. INRA Department of Economics; 2003. p. 29–50. However, shortages of food in the late 1960s shifted the attention of policy makers to agriculture and priority was given in the Third Five-Year Plan without modifications to the overall growth strategy. MOFED. Ethiopia’s economy and the role of the agriculture sector 2. Kibret H. Land reform: revisiting the public versus private ownership controversy. Includes planned, ongoing and closed projects, Type: Country Strategic Opportunities Programme, Approved by the Executive Board or IFAD President, Rural Financial Intermediation Programme III, Participatory Small-scale Irrigation Development Programme II, Pastoral Community Development Project III, Rural Financial Intermediation Programme II, Pastoral Community Development Project II, Community-based Integrated Natural Resources Management Project, Participatory Small-scale Irrigation Development Programme, Agricultural Marketing Improvement Programme, Agricultural Research and Training Project, Informal Seed Component of the Seed Systems Development Project, Southern Region Cooperatives Development and Credit Project, Rehabilitation Programme for Drought Affected Areas, Second Agricultural Minimum Package Project. Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. By using this website, you agree to our Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, MaddaWalabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia, You can also search for this author in The government extension programme lists these as: areas of adequate rainfall; areas of moisture stress; and pastoral areas. Continued public engagement in input markets and extension services, and participation of private investment in providing goods and services for smallholders in a potentially efficient manner should be encouraged. Cookies policy. The country loses about 2 billion tons of fertile soils annually to land degradation, and the siltation of water bodies is already a major threat to irrigation development. The Political Economy of Agricultural Extension Policy in Ethiopia: Economic Growth and Political Control Kassahun Berhanu Respectively, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Addis Ababa University; and Reader, Centre for Development, Environment and Policy, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. The PIF provides a strategic framework for the prioritization and planning of investments that will drive Ethiopia’s agricultural growth and development. Agricultural Production System in Ethiopia Agricultural production is dominated by smallholder households which produce more than 90% of agricultural output and cultivate more than 90% of the total cropped land. Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation, Addis Ababa; 2004. Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, vol. Projects Includes planned, ongoing and closed projects. PDF | On Jan 1, 2004, MULAT DEMEKE and others published Agricultural Development in Ethiopia: Are There alternatives to Food Aid? Ethiopia and D. R. Congo; 2010. Country strategic opportunities programme, South-south and triangular cooperation (SSTC), Near East, North Africa, Europe and Central Asia, Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Programme, China-IFAD South-South and Triangular Cooperation Facility, Climate and Commodity Hedging to Enable Transformation, Facility for Refugees, Migrants, Forced Displacement and Rural Stability, Insurance for Rural Resilience and Economic Development, International Aid Transparency Initiative, National Designated Authorities partnership platform, Platform for Agricultural Risk Management, Smallholder and Agri-SME Finance and Investment Network, Working Group on the Transition Framework, Working group on the Performance-based Allocation System, Global Forum on Remittances, Investment and Development. Encouraging agricultural growth is therefore an important aspect of agricultural policy in the developing world. The farmer can farm it only as long as he/she stays on the farm. Compared to other sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia has an admirable record of supporting agriculture; the continued state-led policies to boost agricultural production, but understanding of the complex issues involved, evidence-based analysis and policy recommendations, and continuous debate on the pros and cons of alternatives options are required. Agricultural development in the third world. The project supports improved practice and policy in the agriculture sector through analyses, reviews and evaluations, and technical support to government partners, implementers of agriculture projects, and the private sector. Cite this article. In 2010, for example, 2.8 million Ethiopians were in need of emergency food aid. Ethiopian agriculture has been suffering from various external and internal problems. Alemaya Agricultural University; 1986. The development of the CGA for Ethiopia was conducted under the leadership of the FAO Country improved resilience and productivity of ecosystems and livelihoods through improved management of natural resources, particularly water; expanded linkages with the private sector to ensure increased and sustained access to markets, finance and agricultural technology. As underlined by Ruttan [14], “the Conservation Model remains an important source of productivity growth in most poor countries and an inspiration to agrarian fundamentalists and the organic farming movement in the developed countries”. Ethiopia is also one of the largest refugee-hosting countries in the world. The Agriculture Knowledge, Learning, Documentation and Policy Project (AKLDP) is part of the USAID Feed The Future program in Ethiopia. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Agricultural development in the rural areas of Ethiopia can facilitate greater national food security and allow for an increase in agricultural exports. Agriculture is the mainstay of Ethiopian economy involving major source of employment and gross national product. Overall assessment of the access, utilization and coverage of the technological packages of rural development in the country was not realized although there were significant attentions across regimes. Kassa H. Agricultural extension with particular emphasis on Ethiopia. Distorted macroeconomic policies, political unrest and massive villagization and settlement programmes undermined the contribution that the rural development policies could have made. It was reinforced by the application to land of the concept, developed in the English classical school of economics, of diminishing returns to labour and capital”. Despite the fact that many areas of the economy have made progress, the livelihoods of small-scale farmers are still constrained by many impeding factors. In: Tesfaye T, editor. According to Roling [4], rural development policies and programmes are usually developed to suit the condition of progressive farmers. Prepared under the aegis of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), this text presents a fresh and comprehensive look at agricultural development policy. Distorted macroeconomic policies, political unrest and massive villagization and settlement programmes undermined the contribution that the rural development policies could have made. However, due to the commitment of heads of states in Maputo in 2003 to allocate 10% of their budget to agriculture and a recovery of attention to agriculture, Ethiopia is one of the eight countries to meet the target allocating 15% of the budget over the decade of 2003/2004–2012/2013 [1]. Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute—Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II, Ethiopia; 2011. By African, standard rural development programme has long history in Ethiopia. Agriculture progresses technologically as farmers adopt innovations. The main objective of this review is to indicate the policy gaps in terms of access, utilization and coverage of rural development policy programme packages by different segments of people in rural areas. Gendo Gembela Tsire is a women’s group in Chencha district, Ethiopia who are demonstrating the process of making kocho (to make traditional flatbread) and bula (a flour blend prepared as a porridge) from the enset crop. 8062-ET, Washington, DC; 1990. Around 85 per cent of the country’s 105 million inhabitants live in rural areas, and inclusive agricultural growth is a major driver of poverty reduction. It has been stagnant due to poor performance as a result of factors such as low resource utilization; low-tech farming techniques (e.g. 10.3 Land Policy. In: Eicher C, Staaz JM, editors. Agriculture Policy will act as a guiding principle to all players as we move together in achieving the MGDS and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the short, medium and long term. Alemaya Agricultural University; 1986. They are intended to benefit particularly women and young people. PubMed Google Scholar. The conservation model of agricultural development, according to Ruttan [14], “evolved from advances in crop and livestock husbandry associated with the English agricultural revolution and the notions of soil exhaustion suggested by the early German chemists and soil scientists. In Ethiopia, IFAD supports rural people in raising their incomes and improving food security, as well as increasing their contribution to the country’s economic development. Springer Nature. J Soc Dev Africa. The strength of this model emanates primarily from the fact that “the inputs used in this conservation system of farming (the plant nutrients, animal power, land improvements, physical capital and agricultural labour force) were largely produced or supplied by the agricultural sector itself” [14]. The country has experienced strong economic growth in recent years, and substantial progress has also been made in social and human development over the last decade. Browse the Member States interactive platform. Report No. During the 1974–1991 periods, however, the political environment favoured collective and state farms at the expense of individual farmers. Paper presented at the national workshop on food strategies for Ethiopia. [5] To implement this strategy, the government relied on peasant associations and rural development, cooperatives and state farms , resettlement and villagization , increased food production, and a new marketing policy. They help them gain access to natural resources, technology, finance, institutional capacity and markets. The most prominent and enduring economy-wide strategy to guide development effort has been Agricultural-Led Industrialization (ADLI), the Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP), Participatory and Accelerated Sustainable Development to Eradicate poverty (PASDEP) and successive growth and transformation plans (GTP I and II). Ethiopia: Alemaya University; 1998. development of agri culture in Ethiopia f ollowing the 1975 land reform, which resulted in insecurity of individual land tenure, low producti vities, poorly str uctured market It constitutes over 50% of the gross domestic product (GDP), accounts for over 85% of the labour force and earns over 90% of the foreign exchange [2]. Addis Ababa: FSS; 2008. p. 129–51. Privacy Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System, National Agricultural Extension Intervention Program. Center for African Development Policy Research 8-2007 Agricultural Research and Development in Ethiopia Efrem Bechere Texas Tech University ... impact on agricultural development in Ethiopia and discuss some challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed. In: Eicher C, Staaz JM, editors. Apparently, some farmers choose to be innovators (first users), while others prefer to be early adopters, late adopters or non-adopters [13]. The expansion of the country ’ s national polices, strategies and.! By the government was given as attaining fast broad based economic development to our Terms and conditions, Privacy... Paper presented at the national workshop on food strategies for Ethiopia in Eicher... The Ethiopian highlands reclamation Study population [ 2 ] and agricultural extension particular! Refugee-Hosting countries in the economic sphere, markets were the driving forces in allocation! 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